Mesothelioma Help Cancer News
Researchers Identify Proteins to Target to Increase Sensitivity of Mesothelioma and Lung Cancer Treatments
As MesotheliomaHelp has reported countless times before, researchers focus much of their time on biomarkers in mesothelioma and lung cancer patients to help increase the effectiveness of treatment. By targeting the unique characteristics of a patient’s cancer the researchers aim to increase survival. Now, researchers believe ALK, a key gene often targeted with anti-cancer drugs, can be more effective when other proteins are also targeted.
Everyone has the abnormal anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene in their cells, but when a part of it breaks off and reattaches in the wrong way, it becomes an abnormal ALK gene leading to out of control cell growth and ALK-positive lung cancer. By blocking the action of the abnormal ALK gene, crizotinib (Xalkori), an ALK-inhibitor, may shrink or slow the growth of tumors, according to Pfizer, the makers or Xalkori. However, some tumors do not respond to the drug or develop resistance to it.
Researchers from Moffitt Cancer Center focused on increasing the sensitivity of lung cancer tumors to ALK inhibitors. The team turned to proteomics to allow a large scale review of proteins so they could “identify potential drug targets that could boost ALK inhibitors and improve patient outcomes”, according to an Oct. 19 article in Medical News Today.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/313580.php
They found a host of proteins, 64 of them, could be used to increase sensitivity to crizotinib, and nine of them could do the same for alectinib, another ALK-inhibitor. They eventually narrowed the list down to two “adaptor proteins FRS2 and CC2D1A” that can increase the sensitivity of lung cancers to ALK inhibitors.
“Knocking down either of these two proteins, the scaffolding proteins FRS2 and CC2D1A, sensitized cell lines to the ALK inhibitors crizotinib and alectinib,” wrote the researchers. “Thus, a clinical strategy that inhibits FRS2 or CC2D1A might enhance the efficacy of ALK inhibitors in some patients.”
Crizotinib, or Xalkori from Pfizer, is intended for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) in patients who express the abnormal anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. Approximately 3%-5% of people with NSCLC may test positive for the ALK fusion gene. There is a potential that the marker is also present in certain pleural mesothelioma cases making it a target for treatment.
Pleural mesothelioma is a rare form of lung cancer that invades the outer lining of the lungs called the mesothelium. The only known cause of mesothelioma is through inhalation or ingestion of airborne asbestos fibers. Both NSCLC and mesothelioma are aggressive cancers following equally aggressive, and similar, treatment protocols.
“Collectively, our data set provides a resource that enhances our understanding of signaling and drug resistance networks consequent to ALK fusions and identifies potential targets to improve the efficacy of ALK inhibitors in patients,” concluded the researchers.
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For the full study see the Oct. 18 issue of Science Signaling.
http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/9/450/rs12
Nurse Raises Awareness of Atrial Fibrillation
Many patients in their journey with mesothelioma suffer from atrial fibrillation. Commonly known as a-fib or AF it is the most common form of heart arrhythmia. Heart arrhythmia is when “the heart beats too slowly, too fast, or in an irregular way,” according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The heart is divided into four chambers: the two upper atria and the two lower ventricles. When a person has AF, the beating in the atria is irregular causing the blood to pool, leading to ineffective heart beats. Blood pooling can cause clots to form. The clots can then cause strokes, if they block the circulation to areas of the body.
Sometimes people do not know they are in AF, but describe feeling a fluttering sensation in their chest. Other symptoms can include heart palpitations, lightheadedness, extreme fatigue, shortness of breath, confusion, and chest pain.
Generally the risk for AF increases with age. Some other risk factors are high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, hyperthyroidism, chronic kidney disease and heavy alcohol use.
The figures most often reported are that AF affects 1.5% to 2% of the general population, and this increases to 10% at age 80 and 18% at age 85. The evidence is limited in the association of a cancer diagnosis and AF. The most common time that AF occurs with cancer patients is after surgery, with the highest incidence being after lung surgery. In other studies, AF occurs in 6% to 32% of patients.
AF is treated with medication, blood-thinners, surgery, and lifestyle changes. The treatments are specific to each patient, and there are treatment guidelines and criteria that your doctor will follow to determine how to treat your AF effectively with your mesothelioma.
We have seen many mesothelioma patients with AF. Some patients do not realize they are in AF, others are symptomatic with low blood pressure and weakness. After surgery and during your journey with mesothelioma it is important that you not ignore any new and different symptoms that you may experience. Your medical team is experienced in managing AF and they can help you deal with your symptoms.
Some Hospitalizations for Mesothelioma Patients May Be Avoidable
Nearly every mesothelioma patient will be hospitalized at some point during their care. The cancer and treatments often leave patients with debilitating symptoms that require medical intervention to help manage the issues. However, new research reports that a significant number of cancer patients’ hospital visits could be avoidable.
Researchers at the University of Chicago looked at 72 terminal cancer patients’ ICU admission records and found “nearly half of terminal oncology ICU hospitalizations in our study population were potentially avoidable,” according to an Oct. 13 article in Oncology Practice.
http://www.mdedge.com/oncologypractice/article/115520/hospice-palliative-medicine/almost-half-terminal-cancer-patient
This “high-intensity end-of-life care,” according to the colleagues, “does not improve survival or quality of life for terminal cancer patients.” The researchers noted that the National Quality Forum, a non-profit organization that works to catalyze improvements in healthcare through measures and standards, referred to “ICU admissions in the last 30 days of life as a marker of poor-quality cancer care.”
Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer typically affecting the lining of the lungs. Primarily caused by exposure to airborne asbestos fibers, mesothelioma has an extended latency period – symptoms can sometimes take decades to appear. However, once symptoms become apparent, mesothelioma may rapidly progress to cause life-threatening complications. The treatment at this point is no longer curative, rather palliative, and is aimed at relieving the symptoms and improving the patient’s quality of life. For many mesothelioma patients, palliative care offers them an opportunity to stay out of the hospital and spend more time with their loved ones.
Upon reviewing the data, the Chicago researchers identified the following factors associated with avoidable hospitalizations in the terminal cancer patients:
- Likely to be residing in an institutional setting;
- Worse performance status prior to admission;
- Most recent treatment of chemotherapy;
- Fewer days since diagnosis;
- Cancer symptom care;
- Recent palliative care consultation, potentially indicating the severity of illness.
Sadly, the researchers found that many of these patients would pass away in the ICU setting. This, they said, leaves the family with more stress. A separate UK study found that patients who die at home do so more peacefully than hospitalized patients but suffer no more than patients in a hospital. In addition, family members experience less intense grief with their loved one at home.
“ICU deaths often create a traumatic experience for patients and families,” the researchers note. “Health care leaders should test strategies to prospectively identify patients at high risk for avoidable terminal hospitalizations and formulate interventions to improve end-of-life planning and care.”
Many medical professionals advocate for terminal mesothelioma patients to look more closely at hospice care as their cancer becomes more aggressive and symptoms become more acute. According to the Hospice Foundation of America, hospice is designed to improve the quality of a patient’s last days by offering comfort and dignity. Hospice care neither prolongs life nor hastens death, reports the organization, however, it does allow for patients to remain in their own home surrounded by their loved ones.
“This study serves to highlight terminal ICU hospitalizations as an area of focus to improve the quality and value of cancer care,” concluded the researchers.
See “No Exit: Identifying Avoidable Terminal Oncology Intensive Care Unit Hospitalizations” for the full report.
http://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/jop.2016.012823
When a mesothelioma patient no longer responds to a prescribed treatment plan, and the primary caregiver needs support caring for their loved one, turning to a hospice program is one option to explore. Visit the Hospice Foundation of America to find out more about hospice care.
Biomarker May Help With Diagnosis and Prognosis of Mesothelioma
The search for a reliable biomarker to help diagnose mesothelioma, serve as a prognostic indicator or even to assess the efficacy of treatment in mesothelioma patients is critical for patient survival. Recently Mesothelioma Help reported that uPAR overexpression (a protein normally found in the colon and kidneys) could help identify prognosis in mesothelioma patients and may lead to a new treatment. Now, researchers report that glycodelin could indicate improved prognosis, and could also be used to diagnose the asbestos-caused cancer.
Researchers from Germany at the University Hospital Heidelberg and the Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg report when they measured glycodelin serum concentrations in pleural mesothelioma patients after receiving an initial treatment of chemotherapy and/or surgery and radiotherapy, the team found a “strong correlation between the serum levels and the tumor response to treatment. “Gylcodelin,” according to the researchers, “seems to be a new potential biomarker for the aggressive malignant pleural mesothelioma.”
The researchers then set out to assess whether glycodelin might be useful as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma, and found that “most patients with benign or malignant lung diseases did not show increased glycodelin serum concentrations except patients with pleural mesothelioma.” This, according to the researchers, points to the potential diagnostic use of glycodelin for early detection of pleural mesothelioma.
Mesothelioma often has symptoms such as a persistent cough, shortness of breath, fatigue and wheezing, that are similar to many other respiratory illnesses. When a patient presents with these symptoms, doctors often first treat the patient for a respiratory infection before turning to testing for cancer. However, the key to increasing survival for mesothelioma and lung cancer is through early detection.
“Our data strongly suggest that glycodelin might be a feasible serum marker for the diagnosis of MPM [malignant pleural mesothelioma] and the monitoring of tumor response to treatment during the follow-up of MPM patients,” concluded the researchers in the study.
Nearly 3,000 Americans are diagnosed with mesothelioma each year. There is no cure for the disease.
Find the full report in Oncotarget.
Feeling the Love After Losing My Dad to Mesothelioma
The day that my father passed away was a day full of shock, grief, and sadness. These feelings overwhelmed me, and figuring out how to process them seemed to be an insurmountable task. The days and weeks following, it seemed as though I was in a fog. I was lost and trying to make some sense, any sense, of what had just happened. That was when I realized that I needed to look beyond the grief to find the love.
The day that my father passed away was a day full of love, support, and compassion. Within minutes of receiving a call that Dad wasn’t breathing, a friend came to my home to be with me until my husband arrived home from work. After we got the news that he had passed away, we began to make some calls of our own. These resulted in an ocean of love.
When I finally got the courage to pick up the phone, I called one of my dearest friends who was an hour away. I was scared; saying the words out loud that my Dad was gone made it seem more real. She answered, thankfully, and I told her what had happened. I just needed to let someone know, not expecting anything at all. Within an instant, her husband, one of my oldest and closest friends, showed up at my door. He ended up driving us the three hours to my parents’ home only to turn around and make the trip back. That is love.
During this time, our family began to come. No one said a word; they just hugged us and cried. There was nothing to be said, nor was there a need for a conversation. Knowing that they were there for us gave us all that we needed, love.
When we arrived at my parents’ home, we were greeted by more family members who were there to support us. Throughout the next several days, the outpouring of this love was more than I could handle. I never knew that you could feel so much comfort in the wake of inexplicable sadness.
God truly blesses us with exactly what we need at the moment that it is called for. Through all of our hardest times through Dad’s journey with mesothelioma, we were always met with a helping hand, a hug, and a promise of prayer. I can never repay those who were there for my family and me during this time, but when I think about it, I don’t believe they would want us to try. We are surrounded by the most amazing people and I truly thank God for them every day. They were able to help me see the love through the tears.
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